DNMT1-mediated epigenetic suppression of FBXO32 expression promoting cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) survival and esophageal cancer cell growth.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common and serious form of cancer, and while DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) promotes DNA methylation and carcinogenesis, the role of F-box protein 32 (FBXO32) in EC and its regulation by DNMT1-mediated methylation is still unclear. FBXO32 expression was examined in EC cells with high DNMT1 expression using GSE163735 dataset. RT-qPCR assessed FBXO32 expression in normal and EC cells, and impact of higher FBXO32 expression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was evaluated, along with EMT-related proteins. The xenograft model established by injecting EC cells transfected with FBXO32 was used to evaluate tumor growth, apoptosis, and tumor cells proliferation and metastasis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was employed to study the interaction between DNMT1 and FBXO32. HitPredict, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay analyzed the interaction between FBXO32 and cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9). Finally, the ubiquitination assay identified CDK9 ubiquitination, and its half-life was measured using cycloheximide and confirmed through western blotting. DNMT1 negatively correlated with FBXO32 expression in esophageal cells. High FBXO32 expression was associated with better overall survival in patients. Knockdown of DNMT1 in EC cells increased FBXO32 expression and suppressed malignant phenotypes. FBXO32 repressed EC tumor growth and metastasis in mice. Enrichment of DNMT1 in FBXO32 promoter region led to increased DNA methylation and reduced transcription. Mechanistically, FBXO32 degraded CDK9 through promoting its ubiquitination.

TRIM38 Induced in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-infected Cells Downregulates Type I Interferon Expression by Competing with TRIM25 to Bind RIG-I.

Innate immune response is the first line of defense for the host against virus invasion. One important response is the synthesis and secretion of type I interferon (IFN-I) in the virus-infected host cells. Here, we found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induced high expression of TRIM25, which belongs to the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family of proteins. TRIM25 bound and activated retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) by K63-linked ubiquitination. Accordingly, RIG-I mediated the production of IFN-I mainly through the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway in respiratory epithelial cells. Interestingly, IFN-I, in turn, promoted a high expression of TRIM38 which downregulated the expression of IFN-I by reducing the protein level of RIG-I by K48-linked ubiquitination. More importantly, the binding site of TRIM25 to RIG-I was found in the narrow 25th-43rd amino acid (aa) region of RIG-I N-terminus. In contrast, the binding sites of TRIM38 to RIG-I were found in a much wider amino acid region, which included the binding site of TRIM25 on RIG-I. As a result, TRIM38 inhibits the production of IFN-I by competing with TRIM25 for RIG-I binding. Thus, TRIM38 negatively regulates RIG-I activation to, in turn, downregulate IFN-I expression, thus interfering with host immune response. A negative feedback loop effectively "puts the brakes" on the reaction once host immune response is overactivated and homeostasis is unbalanced. We also discovered that TRIM25 bound RIG-I by a new K63-linked ubiquitination located at K-45 of the first caspase recruitment domain (CARD). Collectively, these results confirm an antagonism between TRIM38 and TRIM25 in regulating IFN-I production by affecting RIG-I activity following RNA virus infection.

Iron-Catalyzed Aminoalkylative Carbonylative Cyclization of Alkenes toward α-Tetralones.

Carbonylative multifunctionalization of alkenes is an efficient approach to introduce multiple functional groups into one molecule from easily available materials. Herein, we developed an iron-catalyzed radical relay carbonylative cyclization of alkenes with acetamides. Various α-tetralones can be constructed in moderate yields from readily available substrates with an earth-abundant iron salt as the catalyst.

Forkhead-associated phosphopeptide binding domain 1 (FHAD1) deficiency impaired murine sperm motility.

Background: Genetic knockout-based studies conducted in mice provide a powerful means of assessing the significance of a gene for fertility. Forkhead-associated phosphopeptide binding domain 1 (FHAD1) contains a conserved FHA domain, that is present in many proteins with phospho-threonine reader activity. How FHAD1 functions in male fertility, however, remains uncertain. Methods: Fhad1-/- mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout, after which qPCR was used to evaluate changes in gene expression, with subsequent analyses of spermatogenesis and fertility. The testis phenotypes were also examined using immunofluorescence and histological staining, while sperm concentrations and motility were quantified via computer-aided sperm analysis. Cellular apoptosis was assessed using a TUNEL staining assay. Results: The Fhad1-/-mice did not exhibit any abnormal changes in fertility or testicular morphology compared to wild-type littermates. Histological analyses confirmed that the testicular morphology of both Fhad1-/-and Fhad1+/+ mice was normal, with both exhibiting intact seminiferous tubules. Relative to Fhad1+/+ mice, however, Fhad1-/-did exhibit reductions in the total and progressive motility of epididymal sperm. Analyses of meiotic division in Fhad1-/-mice also revealed higher levels of apoptotic death during the first wave of spermatogenesis. Discussion: The findings suggest that FHAD1 is involved in both meiosis and the modulation of sperm motility.

The association between systemic inflammatory response index and contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND: The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), served as a novel inflammatory biomarker, is the synthesis of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. AIMS: We hypothesized that SIRI has predictive value for contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) and long-term mortality in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: We retrospectively observed 5685 patients undergoing elective PCI from January 2012 to December 2018. Venous blood samples were collected to obtain the experimental data on the day of admission or the morning of the next day. SIRI = neutrophil count × monocyte count/lymphocyte count. CA-AKI was defined as an increase of 50% or 0.3 mg/dl in SCr from baseline within 48 h after contrast exposure. RESULTS: The incidence of CA-AKI was 6.1% (n = 352). The best cutoff value of SIRI for predicting CA-AKI was 1.39, with a sensitivity of 52.3% and a specificity of 67.3%. [AUC: 0.620, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.590-0.651, p < 0.001]. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate analysis showed that the high SIRI group (SIRI > 1.39) was a strong independent predictor of CA-AKI in patients undergoing elective PCI compared with the low SIRI group (SIRI ≤ 1.39) (odds ratio = 1.642, 95% CI: 1.274-2.116, p < 0.001). Additionally, COX regression analysis showed that SIRI > 1.39 was significantly associated with long-term mortality at a median follow-up of 2.8 years. [Hazard ratio (HR)=1.448, 95%CI: 1.188-1.765; p < 0.001]. Besides, Kaplan-Meier survival curve also indicated that the cumulative rate of mortality was considerably higher in the high SIRI group. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of SIRI are independent predictors of CA-AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing elective PCI.

Surgical Outcomes and Predictive Factors in Patients With Detrusor Underactivity Undergoing Bladder Outlet Obstruction Surgery.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of bladder outlet surgery in patients with detrusor underactivity (DU) and to identify factors associated with successful outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of men diagnosed with DU in urodynamic studies who underwent bladder outlet surgery for lower urinary tract symptoms between May 2018 and April 2023. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, uroflowmetry (UFM), and multichannel urodynamic studies were administered. Successful treatment outcomes were defined as either an IPSS improvement of at least 50% or the regaining of spontaneous voiding in patients urethral catheterization prior to surgery. RESULTS: The study included 93 male patients. Men diagnosed with significant or equivocal bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) experienced significant postoperative improvements in IPSS (from 20.6 to 6.0 and from 17.4 to 6.5, respectively), maximum urine flow rate (from 5.0 mL/sec to 14.4 mL/sec and from 8.8 mL/sec to 12.2 mL/sec, respectively) and voiding efficiency (from 48.8% to 86.0% and from 61.2% to 85.1%, respectively). However, in the group without obstruction, the improvements in IPSS and UFM results were not significant. The presence of detrusor overactivity (odds ratio [OR], 3.152; P=0.025) and preoperative urinary catheterization (OR, 2.756; P=0.040) were associated with favorable treatment outcomes. Conversely, an unobstructed bladder outlet was identified as a negative prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: In men with DU accompanied by equivocal or significant BOO, surgical intervention to alleviate the obstruction may enhance the IPSS, quality of life, and UFM results. However, those with DU and an unobstructed bladder outlet face a comparatively high risk of treatment failure. Preoperative detrusor overactivity and urinary catheterization are associated with more favorable surgical outcomes. Consequently, active deobstructive surgery should be considered for patients with DU who are experiencing urinary retention.

Perspectives Toward Damage-Tolerant Nanostructure Ceramics.

Advanced ceramic materials and devices call for better reliability and damage tolerance. In addition to their strong bonding nature, there are examples demonstrating superior mechanical properties of nanostructure ceramics, such as damage-tolerant ceramic aerogels that can withstand high deformation without cracking and local plasticity in dense nanocrystalline ceramics. The recent progresses shall be reviewed in this perspective article. Three topics including highly elastic nano-fibrous ceramic aerogels, load-bearing nanoceramics with improved mechanical properties, and implementing machine learning-assisted simulations toolbox in understanding the relationship among structure, deformation mechanisms, and microstructure-properties shall be discussed. It is hoped that the perspectives present here can help the discovery, synthesis, and processing of future structural ceramic materials that are insensitive to processing flaws and local damages in service.

The efficacy and safety of ciprofol and propofol in patients undergoing colonoscopy: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Propofol is a commonly utilized anesthetic for painless colonoscopy, but its usage is occasionally limited due to its potential side effects, including cardiopulmonary suppression and injection pain. To address this limitation, the novel compound ciprofol has been proposed as a possible alternative for propofol. This study sought to determine whether there are any differences in the safety and efficacy of propofol and ciprofol for painless colonoscopy. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Single-centre, class A tertiary hospital, November 2021 to November 2022. PATIENTS: Adult, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I to II and body mass index of 18 to 30 kg m-2 patients scheduled to undergo colonoscopy. INTERVENTIONS: Consecutive patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive sedation for colonoscopy with ciprofol (group C) or propofol (group P). MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the success rate of colonoscopy. The secondary outcomes were onset time of sedation, operation time, recovery time and discharge time, patients and endoscopists satisfaction, side effects (e.g. injection pain, myoclonus, drowsiness, dizziness, procedure recall, nausea and vomiting) and incidence rate of cardiopulmonary adverse events. MAIN RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the success rate of colonoscopy between the two groups (ciprofol 96.3% vs. propofol 97.6%; mean difference - 1.2%, 95% CI: -6.5% to 4.0%, P = 0.650). However, group C showed prolonged sedation (63.4 vs. 54.8 s, P < 0.001) and fully alert times (9 vs 8 min, P = 0.013), as well as reduced incidences of injection pain (0 vs. 40.2%, P < 0.001), respiratory depression (2.4% vs. 13.4%, P = 0.021) and hypotension (65.9% vs. 80.5%, P = 0.034). Patients satisfaction was also higher in Group C (10 vs 9, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofol can be used independently for colonoscopy. When comparing the sedation efficacy of ciprofol and propofol, a 0.4 mg kg-1 dose of ciprofol proved to be equal to a 2.0 mg kg-1 dose of propofol, with fewer side effects and greater patient satisfaction during the procedure.

Effect of Eligibility Criteria on Patients' Survival and Serious Adverse Events in Colorectal Cancer Drug Trials.

This study investigates the impact of clinical trial eligibility criteria on patient survival and serious adverse events (SAEs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) drug trials using real-world data. We utilized the OneFlorida+ network's data repository, conducting a retrospective analysis of CRC patients receiving FDA-approved first-line metastatic treatments. Propensity score matching created balanced case-control groups, which were evaluated using survival analysis and machine learning algorithms to assess the effects of eligibility criteria. Our study included 68,375 patients, with matched case-control groups comprising 1,126 patients each. Survival analysis revealed ethnicity and race, along with specific medical history (eligibility criteria), as significant survival outcome predictors. Machine learning models, particularly the XgBoost regressor, were employed to analyze SAEs, indicating that age and study groups were notable factors in SAEs occurrence. The study's findings highlight the importance of considering patient demographics and medical history in CRC trial designs.

Association of healthy lifestyle score with control of hypertension among treated and untreated hypertensive patients: a large cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension stands as the leading single contributor to the worldwide burden of mortality and disability. Limited evidence exists regarding the association between the combined healthy lifestyle score (HLS) and hypertension control in both treated and untreated hypertensive individuals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between HLS and hypertension control among adults with treated and untreated hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study, including 311,994 hypertension patients, was conducted in Guangzhou using data from the National Basic Public Health Services Projects in China. The HLS was defined based on five low-risk lifestyle factors: healthy dietary habits, active physical activity, normal body mass index, never smoking, and no alcohol consumption. Controlled blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between HLS and hypertension control after adjusting for various confounders. Results: The HLS demonstrated an inverse association with hypertension control among hypertensive patients. In comparison to the low HLS group (scored 0-2), the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hypertension were 0.76 (0.74, 0.78), 0.59 (0.57, 0.60), and 0.48 (0.46, 0.49) for the HLS groups scoring 3, 4, and 5, respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). Notably, an interaction was observed between HLS and antihypertensive medication in relation to hypertension control (Pinteraction < 0.001). When comparing the highest HLS (scored 5) with the lowest HLS (scored 0-2), adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.50 (0.48, 0.52, Ptrend < 0.001) among individuals who self-reported using antihypertensive medication and 0.41 (0.38, 0.44, Ptrend < 0.001) among those not using such medication. Hypertensive patients adhering to a healthy lifestyle without medication exhibited better blood pressure management than those using medication while following a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: HLS was associated with a reduced risk of uncontrolled blood pressure.

Study on mNGS Technique in Diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Non-HIV-Infected Patients.

Objective: To investigate the value of metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, non-HIV-infected patients with PJP and those diagnosed with non-PJP from August 2022 to December 2024 were selected as subjects. The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) and other co-pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed, and the diagnostic efficacy of NGS, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum 1,3-ß-D-glucan (BDG) in PJP was compared with the reference standard of clinical compound diagnosis. Results: Eighty-nine non-HIV-infected patients were recruited, with dyspnea as the primary symptom (69.66%) and solid malignant tumor as the most common underlying disease (20.22%). Taking clinical compound diagnosis as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of mNGS were higher than those detected by PCR and serum BDG. Among 42 non-HIV-infected patients with PJP who underwent mNGS and conventional pathogen detection of BALF, 6 had simple PJ infection and 36 had combined PJ infection. The detection rate of mNGS in mixed infections was significantly higher than that of conventional pathogen detection (85.71 vs 61.70%, P = 0.012). A total of 127 pathogens were detected in BALF using mNGS, among which fungi had the highest detection rate (46.46%). The fungi, viruses and bacteria detected were mainly Pneumocystis jirovecii, human gammaherpesvirus 4 and Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusion: mNGS is highly effective in diagnosing non-HIV-infected patients with PJP and exhibits ideal performance in the detection of co-pathogens. In addition, it has certain value for clinical diagnosis and guidance of targeted anti-infective drug treatment.

Role of electrophysiological activity and interactions of lateral habenula in the development of depression-like behavior in a chronic restraint stress model.

Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) system offers a promising approach for treatment-resistant depression, but identifying universally accepted electrophysiological biomarkers for closed-loop DBS systems targeting depression is challenging. There is growing evidence suggesting a strong association between the lateral habenula (LHb) and depression. Here, we took LHb as a key target, utilizing multi-site local field potentials (LFPs) to study the acute and chronic changes in electrophysiology, functional connectivity, and brain network characteristics during the formation of a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model. Furthermore, our model combining the electrophysiological changes of LHb and interactions between LHb and other potential targets of depression can effectively distinguish depressive states, offering a new way for developing effective closed-loop DBS strategies.

Unusual coexistence: branchial cleft cyst harboring papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis - a rare case report and clinical insights.

Background: The simultaneous occurrence of Branchial Cleft Cyst (BCC) and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) represents an unusual malignant tumor, with cases featuring associated lymph node metastasis being particularly rare. This combination underscores an increased potential for metastasis, and the assessment of neck masses, particularly on the lateral aspect, may inadvertently overlook the scrutiny of the thyroid. Therefore, healthcare providers should exercise vigilance, especially in patients over the age of 40, regarding the potential for neck masses to signify metastasis from thyroid malignancies. Currently, surgical intervention stands as the primary effective curative method, while the postoperative administration of radioactive iodine therapy remains a topic of ongoing debate. Case report: In the presented case, a 48-year-old male patient with a right neck mass underwent surgical intervention. The procedure included the excision of the right neck mass, unilateral thyroidectomy with isthmus resection, and functional neck lymph node dissection under tracheal intubation and general anesthesia. Postoperative pathology findings revealed the coexistence of a BCC with metastatic PTC in the right neck mass, as well as papillary carcinoma in the right thyroid lobe. Lymph node metastasis was observed in the central and levels III of the right neck. Conclusion: The rare amalgamation of a BCC with PTC and concurrent lymph node metastasis underscores the invasive nature of this malignancy. Healthcare professionals should be well-acquainted with its clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, and diagnostic criteria. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended to enhance patient outcomes.

Heat-Localized and Salt-Resistant 3D Hierarchical Porous Ceramic Platform for Efficient Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) is a highly promising approach to achieve sustainable desalination and tackle the global freshwater crisis. Despite advancements in this field, achieving balanced thermal localization and salt resistance remains a challenge. Herein, the study presents a 3D hierarchical porous ceramic platform for SDIE applications. The utilized alumina foam ceramics (AFCs) exhibit remarkable corrosion resistance and chemical stability, ensuring a prolonged operational lifespan in seawater or brines. The millimeter-scale air-filled pores in AFCs prevent thermal losses through conduction with bulk water, resulting in heat-localized interfaces. The hydrophilic nature of macroporous AFC skeletons facilitates rapid water replenishment on the evaporating surface for effective salt-resistant desalination. Benefiting from its self-radiation adsorption and side-assisted evaporation capabilities, the AFC-based evaporators exhibit high indoor evaporation rates of 2.99 and 3.54 kg m-2 h-1 under one-sided and three-sided illumination under 1.0 sun, respectively. The AFC-based evaporator maintains a high evaporation rate of ≈2.77 kg m-2 h-1 throughout the 21-day long-term test. Furthermore, it achieves a daily water productivity of ≈10.44 kg m-2 in outdoor operations. This work demonstrates the potential of 3D hierarchical porous ceramics in addressing the trade-off between heat localization and salt resistance, and contributes to the development of durable solar steam generators.

Do domestic budgerigars perceive predation risk?

Predation risk may affect the foraging behavior of birds. However, there has been little research on the ability of domestic birds to perceive predation risk and thus adjust their feeding behavior. In this study, we tested whether domestic budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) perceived predation risk after the presentation of specimens and sounds of sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), domestic cats (Felis catus), and humans, and whether this in turn influenced their feeding behavior. When exposed to visual or acoustic stimuli, budgerigars showed significantly longer latency to feed under sparrowhawk, domestic cat, and human treatments than with controls. Budgerigars responded more strongly to acoustic stimuli than visual stimuli, and they showed the longest latency to feed and the least number of feeding times in response to sparrowhawk calls. Moreover, budgerigars showed shorter latency to feed and greater numbers of feeding times in response to human voices than to sparrowhawk or domestic cat calls. Our results suggest that domestic budgerigars may identify predation risk through visual or acoustic signals and adjust their feeding behavior accordingly.

[Two-stage Inhibition Effects of Burkholderia sp. Y4 Application on Cadmium Uptake and Transport in Wheat].

In order to evaluate the feasibility of using Burkholderia sp. Y4 as a cadmium （Cd）-reducing bacterial agent in contaminated wheat fields， the changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial community and Cd available state， as well as the content and transport characteristics of Cd in the wheat root， basal node， internode， and grain under the treatment of strain Y4 were tested using microbial high-throughput sequencing， step-by-step extraction， subcellular distribution， and occurrence analyses. The results showed that root application of strain Y4 significantly reduced the root and grain Cd content of wheat by 7.7% and 30.3%， respectively， compared with that in the control treatment. The Cd content and Cd transfer factor results in wheat vegetative organs showed that strain Y4 reduced the Cd transfer factor from basal node to internode by 79.3%， and Cd content in the wheat internode stem also decreased by 50.9%. The study of Cd occurrence morphology showed that strain Y4 treatment increased the proportion of residual Cd in roots and basal ganglia， decreased the contents of inorganic and water-soluble Cd in roots， and increased the content of residual Cd in basal ganglia. Further examination of the subcellular distribution of Cd showed that the Cd content in root cell walls and basal ganglia cell fluid increased by 21.3% and 98.2%， respectively， indicating that the Cd fixation ability of root cell walls and basal ganglia cell fluid was improved by the strain Y4 treatment. In the rhizosphere soil， it was found that the microbial community structure was changed by strain Y4 application. Under the Y4 treatment， the relative abundance of Burkholderia increased from 9.6% to 11.5%， whereas that of Acidobacteriota decreased. Additionally， the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadales， Pseudomonadales， and Chitinophagales were also increased by strain Y4 treatment. At the same time， the application of strain Y4 increased the pH value of rhizosphere soil by 8.3%. The contents of exchangeable Cd， carbonate-bound Cd， and iron-manganese oxide-bound Cd in the soil decreased by 44.4%， 21.7%， and 15.9%， respectively， whereas the proportion of residual Cd reached 53.6%. Root application of strain Y4 increased the contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil by 22.0% and 21.4%， respectively， and the contents of alkaline nitrogen also increased to a certain extent. In conclusion， the root application of strain Y4 not only improved soil nitrogen availability but also inhibited Cd transport and accumulation from contaminated soil to wheat grains in a "two-stage" manner by reducing Cd availability in rhizosphere soil and improving Cd interception and fixation capacity of wheat roots and basal nodes. Therefore， Burkholderia Y4 has application potential as a Cd-reducing and growth-promoting agent in wheat.

In Situ Observation of Solvent-Mediated Cyclic Intermediates during the Alkene Epoxidation/Hydration over a Ti-Beta/H2O2 System.

Solvent effects in catalytic reactions have received widespread attention as they can promote reaction rates and product selectivities by orders of magnitude. It is well accepted that the stable five-membered cyclic intermediates formed between the solvent molecules and Ti species are crucial to the alkene epoxidation in a heterogeneous Ti(IV)-H2O2 system. However, the direct spectroscopic evidence of these intermediates is still missing and the corresponding reaction pathway for the alkene epoxidation remains unclear. By combining in situ 13C MAS NMR, two-dimensional (2D) 1H-13C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the five-membered ring structures, where the protic solvents (ROH), and aprotic solvent (acetone), coordinate and stabilize the active Ti species, are identified for the first time over Ti-Beta/H2O2 system. Moreover, the role of these cyclic intermediates in the alkene epoxidation/hydration conversion is clarified. These results provide new insights into the solvent effect in liquid-phase epoxidation/hydration reactions over Ti(IV)-H2O2 system.

A real-world observation on thrombopoietic agents for patients with cancer treatment-induced thrombocytopenia in China: A multicenter, cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Studies on various thrombopoietic agents for cancer treatment-induced thrombocytopenia (CTIT) in China are lacking. This study aimed to provide detailed clinical profiles to understand the outcomes and safety of different CTIT treatment regimens. METHODS: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 1664 questionnaires were collected from 33 hospitals between March 1 and July 1, 2021. Patients aged >18 years were enrolled who were diagnosed with CTIT and treated with recombinant interleukin 11 (rhIL-11), recombinant thrombopoietin (rhTPO), or a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA). The outcomes, compliance, and safety of different treatments were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 1437 analyzable cases, most patients were treated with either rhTPO alone (49.3%) or rhIL-11 alone (27.0%). The most common combination regimen used was rhTPO and rhIL-11 (10.9%). Platelet transfusions were received by 117 cases (8.1%). In multivariate analysis, rhTPO was associated with a significantly lower proportion of platelet recovery, platelet transfusion, and hospitalization due to chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) than rhIL-11 alone. No significant difference was observed in the time taken to achieve a platelet count of >100 × 109/L and chemotherapy dose reduction due to CIT among the different thrombopoietic agents. The outcomes of thrombocytopenia in 170 patients who received targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy are also summarized. The results show that the proportion of platelet recovery was similar among the different thrombopoietic agents. No new safety signals related to thrombopoietic agents were observed in this study. A higher proportion of physicians preferred to continue treatment with TPO-RA alone than with rhTPO and rhIL-11. CONCLUSIONS: This survey provides an overview of CTIT and the application of various thrombopoietic agents throughout China. Comparison of monotherapy with rhIL-11, rhTPO, and TPO-RA requires further randomized clinical trials. The appropriate application for thrombopoietic agents should depend on the pretreatment of platelets, treatment variables, and risk of bleeding. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: To provide an overview of the outcome of cancer treatment-induced thrombocytopenia in China, our cross-sectional study analyzed 1437 cases treated with different thrombopoietic agents. Most of the patients were treated with recombinant interleukin 11 (rhIL-11) and recombinant thrombopoietin (rhTPO). rhTPO was associated with a significantly lower proportion of platelet recovery and platelet transfusion compared with rhIL-11.

Synthesis on NIR-II Multifunctional Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of a Novel Water-Soluble Molecule.

The synthesis of water-soluble symmetric molecules with donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure is reported. The compound is connected by π bridge with 2-bromofluorene external polyethylene glycol 2000 as the shielding unit, and donor component and pyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the acceptor unit. The D-A-D double donor fluorescent molecule P2-DPP is obtained by coupling reaction. The absorption peak and emission peak of the fluorescent molecule P2-DPP are 600 and 1020 nm, respectively. It has potential excellent imaging characteristics. It does not need to use nanoparticles formed by the DSPE-MPEG amphiphilic block to form micelles. The quantum yield reaches 0.6% and the penetration depth can reach 10 mm. The chemical is capable of achieving liver and renal metabolism. It has a good application prospect in the photothermal therapy of mouse tumors and realizes the integration of biological diagnosis and treatment.